Radio receiving and amplifying system



Nov. 24, 1931.

H. G. MAERLENDER ET AL Filed July 18, 1928 muli/24AM Anm/V54 Patented Nov. 24, 1931 UNITED :STATES PATENT i OFFICE c HENRY G. MAERLENDER AND HUGO A'. MAERLENDER, 'OF CLEVELAND, OHIO 'RADIO RECEIVINGAND AMPLIF'YING SYSTEM 4Application led July l 18,

Our invention relates to velectromagnetic wave receiving systems andm'ore particular- `ly'to -ameans of ysecuring amplification of such lwaves by `means of such receiving sys- 5 tem. `It relates also to radio receiving systemsand to methods-of amplifying-radio signals. I

One of the primary objects of `our invention and `discovery-is to provide means for i0 combiningsimilar radioimpulses in 'such a `manner astosecure sufcient powerito operate loud speakers and the-like without resorting to thermionic tubesLor similar devices and. of course, artificially adapted power. A'further Objectis to eliminate the necessity of either tubes or supplemental power and thereby to secure for radio waves a perfect method of'amplificatio'n. Oneof the additional objects of our invention and discovery 20 is to rovide'a means-of amplil ing the effects of relativelv high-frequency waves Lat a distant'point and toform a'receiving circuit for power transmitted without wires which will have svbstantially perfect: eiiiciency. Thishas hitherto, to ourl-knowledgainever been attained.

The method employed vto achieve ,thisresult Vlies in ioining separate open receiving circuits and bymeans of induction transfer-- ring the nower toa secondary circuit. The secondaries of each must beso combined that the increased current canin no twayalter the magnetic field of each primary. By

ioininrrthe secondariesin parallelwith av variable condenser the oneration of each primary circuit is left undisturbed. whenthe secondary circuit iscompleted. "Unless'this is accomplished, the accumulationof power `generated hy the satisfaction of an inductive stress we have discovered to'be impossible.`

The annexed drawings -andffollowing description -show in detail certain `means of' embodymg a. preferred form ofourinvention, said means illustrating,'however,only a few of the ways in whichv our i'nventionand discovery may be used together withthe best modes in which we have contemplated applying the principlerin such Aa manneras to distinguish it from other inventions.l i

1 symbolic designations;

suitable lightning arrester and with one set of plates of the variable condensers C1, 2,03,

:noted that thecircuits A1 C2, P2, N2. G2, A2, C3, P3,

Vmary coils'P1, 132,132, P4 and Pn nected in series with a detector AD and loud 1928. Serial No. 293,671.

In said annexed drawings:

Figure l is a diagrammatic view of the preferred form of our invention showing the wiring and the means used indicated by their VFigure 2 shows a fragmentary diagram- 55 matic view of the wiring of an optional use of a portion of the` apparatus shown in Figure Figure 3 illustrates in detail a preferred p form of power gathering means for use withv the circuit of Figure 1 shown fragmentaiily; and Y Figure 4; shows a convenient means of controlling the apparatus shown in Figure 1 the 6,- capacity units being shown in detail and the balance of the circuit shown fragmentarily. i

Referring to the same or similar elements by the same let-ters and numerals throughout the several views we designate by the letters A1, A2, A2, A4, and Al1 electrically separated antennae spaced by the insulators I, and an end of each antenna being connected with a C4, and C.

Theother connections of the lightning arresters L1, L2, L2,`L4, and Lnare Yshown mFigure 3 connected with the common ground G. Thus the antenna A1 is 0 joined with the condenser C1, A2 with C2,A A3 with C3, ,A4-with C4, and A11 with C.

The opposing plates' of the condensers C1,

C2, C?, C4, and C, are severallyjoined in series with Athe primary induction coils P1, A85

P2,v P3, P4, and P11, the non-inductive variable resistance coils'N 1, N2, N3, Ntand Nn and the ground G1, G2, G3, G4 and G". It will be amare; L i

insulated `from `each other.

The secondaryV coils S1, S2, S3, S4 and. S are preferably closely coupled withthe prirespectively andare'joined in parallel by the conductors vland 2 as shown in Figurel. vAt the points ,'5 and 6 conductors land 2 are joined by the conductors and 4 which inturnare conspeaker or other receiver R. In Figure 2 the conductors 3 and fl are shown connected to the primary l? of the step up transformer Whose secondary S is in turn connect-ed in series with the detector D and receiver R.

The variable condenser C is shown shunted between the conductors 3 and 4 and its operation and function will be hereinafter more fully described.

In Figure a the condenser units are shown in detail With insulating sprockets 7 adjustably fastened to the shafts of the condensers set in motion by the chain 8 When the dial 9 is turned.

The operation of the amplifying system is as follows z* When the circuit is installed it is tested to determine the amount of power which flows in each primary circuit when a given Wave length is received. The position of the condenser and the amount of current flowing in the microammcter or milliammeter M is noted. To make this test all of the second aries are disconnected except the one Whose primary circuit is being tested. Then this test is being made the non-inductive resist-ances are made Zero. After all the circuits have been tested and the one Whose value is lowest is noted, the remaining circuits may be preferably reduced to the same value by means of the resistances N1, N2, etc. lith the condenscrs in their respective positions the chain S is placed in engagement with the sprockets, the sprockets being rotatably adjusted, if necessary, to properly register with the chain. The secondary coils are then fastened to the conductors l and 2, and the circuit. is ready for operation.

Of course, it Will be readily apparent that the resistances N1, N2, etc., may be entirely omitted since Without them the circuit is self-adjusting because of the fundamental law hereinbefore referred to which requires that any increase in the secondary circuit beyond that which the primary is capable of inducing Will operate to reduce the primary current to that fixed amount.

At this point the operation of the condenser C becomes important because, When the capacity C is reduced to zero, the value of the current produced by all of the circuits for a given wave will not exceed that produced by one. Therefore the capacity of the condenser C is adjusted until maximum current strength is recorded by the meter M. The greater the amount of ampli- `lication of any Wave. the greater the value of the capacity of C becomes in order to properly store the accumulated power.

It is Within the contemplation of our invention to insulate severally and cable the antennae. In that case loss due to radiation resistance will be high, but the use of induction screens between circuits is likewise Within the contemplation of our invention.

The closer the primary circuits are together the greater the mutual induction becomes and the lower the average eiiiciency of each circuit, but eiiiciencies as high as of the theoretical eflieiency of amplification or n times the value of current of one circuit where a represents the number of circuits with all the others disconnected can be easily attained. The transformer coils I)1 S1, l S2, P3 S3, P4 S4, P S, may be either variable or fixed and may have adjustable or fixed coupling. In the case of adjustable coupling they may be controlled by insulating sprockets and chain as the condenser units shown in Figure 4.

The grounds G1, G2, G3, G4 and G, are made in the customary manner and should, as far as possible, be placed, the antenna: beyond the sphere of influence of each other.

It Will be readily seen that almost any amount of power can be thus received, controlled and adapted for use not only for modulated power butl unmodulatcd as well. Where it is inconvenient to spread. the antenuae circuits to avoid radiation and mutual induction, and it is necessary to lay the antenna; circuits side by side with a consequential loss, nevertheless, there is an operative percentage of gain and amplification. 'I` his percentage, of course, can be raised by screening the circuits from eachother and yet leaving them open to the incoming electro-magnetic waves. In the drawing the circuits are shown separated by space alone and the radiation from one circuit to another is inversely dependent on the distances between them.

The amount of capacity employed in the. condensers C1, C2, etc., also has a bearing on the eiliciency of each circuit, since for a given wave length the greater' the capacity, the stronger the signal becomes'. .5r con reiient maximum value for these condens-ers is .001.

Vhile the greater value of the present invention With regard to radio-receiving sets is the amplification which permits the use of a crystal detector with its accompanying freedom of artificially produced noises and the so-called phenomena of static, it, of course, will impart to a tube detector or amplifier the same benefits particularly in regard to distant stations and Weak signals.

What we claim is:

1. A receiving and amplifying system for electromagnetic Waves comprising a plurality of sepa ate circuits responsive to the same frequency, an auxiliary circuit inductively coupled to said first named circuits and including a plurality oi iuductances connected in parallel and each coupled to one of said first named circuits, and a condenser shunting said inductances and having a capacity of such value that the received energy is aceumulative in said auxiliary circuit.

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2. A receiving and amplifying system for electromagnetic Waves comprising a plurality of separate antenna to ground circuits responsive to the same frequency, an auxiliary circuit inductively coupled to said first named circuit and including a plurality of inducta-nces connected in parallel and each coupled' to one of said first named circuits, and a condenser shunting said inductances and having a capacity of such value that the received energy is accumulative in said auxiliary circuit, and forming with the means energized. a closed circuit.

3. A receiving and amplifying system for electromagnetic Waves comprising a plurality of collector circuits, each containing capacity, inductance and means for controlling the iiow of energy therein, severally insulated, and each having secondary circuits inductively coupled therewith electrically joined in parallel with a variable capacity and forming with the means energized a closed circuit.

et. A receiving and amplifying system fory electromagnetic Waves comprising a plurality.

of collector circuits, each containing capacity, inductance and means for controlling the flow of energy therein, and severally insulated; mea-ns for simultaneously and similarly tuning such circuits; and secondaryv circuits inductively coupledwith each collector circuit, and joined in parallel with a variable capacity and forming with the means energized a. closed circuit.

5. A receiving and amplifying system for electromagnetic Waves comprising a pluralityV of collector circuits, each containing an an-f tenna, variable capacity, inducta-nce, resistance, and ground in series, severally insulat-l ed; means for simultaneously and similarly tuning such circuits; and secondary circuits inductively coupled With each. collector circuit, joined in parallel with a variable capacity and forming with the means energized a closed circuit.

(. A receiving and amplifying system com-V prising a plurality of separate antenna to ground circuits responsive to the same frequency, an auxiliary circuit inductively coupled to said first named circuit and including a plurality of inductances connected in parallel and each coupled to one of said first named circuits, and a variable condenser shunt-ing said inductances and having a capacity of such value that the received energy is accumulative in said auxiliarycircuit and forming with a detector and receiver in series a closed circuit.

7. A receiving and amplifying system comprising a plurality of separate antenna'to ground circuits responsive to the same-frequency and means for controlling the fioW of energy therein, an auxiliary circuit inductively coupled to said first named circuit and including' a plurality of inductances vconnectedin parallelianld each-coupled to one `.offsaid glirst* named circuits, andy a single condenser fshunting said inductances and f* havinga capacity of suchvvalue that thefreyceivedwenergyis Eaccumulative in said. auxiliary circuits.

8. AA receivingV and amplifying system .comprising: a plurality of separate Aantenna to frground Vcircuits responsive-to thesame frequency each including capacity `and inductance, an .auxiliaryclrcuit inductively coupledto saidiirst namedcircuitand including a: plurality of inductances connected in parallel and each-coupled.-tol one'of said lirst rnamedicirc'uits, anda single condenser shunting said-inducta-nces and having a. capacity `of suchzvalue `thatA the received energy is -accumulative in .said auxiliary circuit.

f9.-A radio receiving and amplifying system comprising Va plurality ofy collector circuits, veach containing capacity, inductance. and

`means for controlling `the flovv ofenergy therein. `and severally'insulated; means for simultaneously and similarly tuningisuch-cir- Vpled .with each 4collector circuit and elec- ".trically joined in V'parallel with `a variable vcapacity and forming Witha detector and receiver. in f series .a closed circuit.

10. A radio 'receiving andamplifying system comprising fa' plurality of collector cirf, cuits, each containing. an antenna, variable Vcapaci-ty, inductance, resistance `andground vin series, severallyV insulated; means for Hsimultaneously .and similarly tuning such `circuits;- and secondary circuits, severally inductively coupled with each collector circuit and electrically joined in parallel with a I variable capacity and forming. with the means energized-ra closedv circuit.

11. A receiving-and amplifying system for Velectromagnetic waves comprising a plurality of 'collector circuits, inductively screened "'fromfeach other-.but severally open to transmittedv Vw/aves, Ieachv of said circuits `contain-- Pingl an antenna, variable capacity, -inductance, resistance and ground in series, severally insulated; means for simultaneously and similarly-tuning such circuits; and secondary "circuits, severally'inductively coupled With each-collector circuit and electrically joined in parallel With a variable capacity and forming with the means energized a closed circuit.

l2. The method of accumulating the energy of electromagnetic Waves derived from separate antenna to ground receiving circuits each inductively coupled With secondary circuits joined in parallel with capacity which consists in adjusting the circuits to resonance with one of said Waves; inductively transferring the energy in each of said circuits to the secondary circuits in parallel; and accumulating the total transferred energyv in said capacit cuits; andfsecondary circuits inductively cou- CTI 13. In a receiving and amplifying system for electromagnetic Waves, having a plurality of separate antenna to ground circuits re-V sponsive to the same frequency and an auX- iliary circuit inductively coupled to said first named circuits including a plurality of inductances connected in parallel and severally coupled toone of said first named clrcults and a condenser shunting said inductances, the method of accumulating the energy from all of said separate circuits which consists in adjusting the capacity of the secondary circuit to such value that the received energy is accumulated in said circuit.

14. In a receiving and amplifying system for electromagnetic Waves, having a plurality of separate antenna to ground circuits and an auxiliary circuit inductively coupled to said first namedcircuits including a plurality of inductances connected in parallel and severally coupled to one of said first named circuits and a condenser shunting said inductances` the method of accumulating the energy from all of said separate circuits which consists in adjusting each of said antenna to ground circuits to resonance with one of said Waves; inductively transferring the energy to said secondary circuits; accumulating the aggregate energy in said condenser and discharging the energy through the means energized.

15. In a receiving and amplifying system for electromagnetic Waves, having a plurality of separate antenna to ground circuits and an auxiliary circuit inductively coupled to said first named circuits including a plu# rality of inductances connected in parallel and severally coupled to one of said first named circuits and a condenser shunting said inductances,` the method of accumulating the energy from all of said separate circuits Which consists in adjusting each of said antenna to ground circuits to resonance With one of said Waves; inductively transferring the energy to said secondary circuits, accumulating the aggregate energy in said condenser and translating the accumulated energy.

Signed by us this 11th day of July. 1928.

HENRY G. MAERLENDER. HUGO A. MAERLENDER. 

